BMW AG

1.6L M10 inline-4 producing 90hp to 2.3L M20 inline-6 with 143hp. Four and five-speed manual transmissions. MacPherson strut front suspension with semi-trailing arm rear. Rear-wheel drive with 50/50 weight distribution. 2563mm wheelbase. Only two-door body style available. First use of 3 Series designation replacing 02 Series. Lightweight construction at 1030kg.

1.8L M40 inline-4 producing 113hp to 2.5L S14 in M3 with 192hp (215hp Sport Evolution). Five-speed manual transmission standard. Four-door sedan, two-door coupe, convertible, and touring wagon body styles. First M3 establishing motorsport heritage. Z-axle multi-link rear suspension. All-wheel drive xi models introduced. 2570mm wheelbase. M3 0-60 mph in 6.5 seconds.

1.8L M43 inline-4 producing 115hp to 3.0L S50 in M3 with 240hp (321hp in Euro spec). Six-speed manual transmission on M3. Multi-link rear suspension refined. Compact hatchback body style added. M3 with VANOS variable valve timing. Available automatic stability control. 2700mm wheelbase. M3 0-60 mph in 5.3 seconds. First 3 Series with six-cylinder standard.

2.0L N46 inline-4 producing 143hp to 3.2L S54 in M3 with 333hp (338hp CSL). Sequential Manual Gearbox (SMG) option. Double-pivot front suspension with fully independent rear. M3 CSL with carbon fiber roof and 1385kg weight. DSC dynamic stability control. 2725mm wheelbase. M3 0-60 mph in 4.8 seconds. Considered by many enthusiasts as peak 3 Series.

2.0L N46 inline-4 producing 129hp to 4.0L S65 V8 in M3 with 414hp. Six-speed manual or seven-speed DCT transmission. First turbocharged 3 Series with 335i using N54 twin-turbo inline-6 producing 300hp. iDrive infotainment system with controller. Run-flat tires standard. 2760mm wheelbase. M3 0-60 mph in 4.3 seconds. Aluminum suspension components.

1.5L B38 three-cylinder turbo producing 136hp to 3.0L S55 twin-turbo in M3 with 425hp. Eight-speed automatic transmission standard. Gran Turismo hatchback (F34) body style. EfficientDynamics technology with auto start-stop. Electric power steering replacing hydraulic. 2810mm wheelbase. M3 0-60 mph in 3.9 seconds. Increased use of aluminum and high-strength steel.

2.0L B48 turbo producing 184hp to 3.0L S58 twin-turbo in M3 with 473hp (503hp Competition). Eight-speed automatic or six-speed manual (M3 only). Operating System 7.0 with digital cluster. M340i with 382hp inline-6. xDrive AWD option on M3 for first time. Laser headlights option. 2851mm wheelbase. M3 Competition 0-60 mph in 3.4 seconds. Carbon fiber reinforced plastic in structure.

2.0L M10 inline-4 producing 122hp to 3.5L M30 inline-6 with 218hp. Four-speed manual transmission. First BMW to use numerical series designation. Front MacPherson strut with semi-trailing arm rear suspension. 2636mm wheelbase. Rear-wheel drive with nearly perfect weight distribution. M535i motorsport variant with 218hp and sport suspension. Weight approximately 1350kg.

2.0L M20 inline-6 producing 122hp to 3.5L M88 in M5 with 286hp. First M5 model establishing super sedan category. Five-speed manual transmission. Service Interval Indicator. On-board computer. ABS anti-lock brakes option. 2624mm wheelbase. M5 0-60 mph in 6.5 seconds. Aerodynamic improvements over E12.

2.0L M50 inline-6 producing 150hp to 3.8L S38 in M5 with 335hp. Five-speed automatic transmission option. Touring wagon body style. Z-axle multi-link rear suspension. All-wheel drive ix models. Traction control standard. 2761mm wheelbase. M5 0-60 mph in 5.7 seconds. First all-aluminum V8 option with 530i.

2.0L M52 inline-6 producing 150hp to 5.0L S62 V8 in M5 with 394hp. Six-speed manual transmission on M5. Multi-link front and rear suspension. Dynamic Stability Control standard. M5 with individual throttle bodies and 8,000 RPM redline. Xenon headlights. 2830mm wheelbase. M5 0-60 mph in 4.7 seconds. Considered one of best sedans of its era.

2.5L N52 inline-6 producing 218hp to 5.0L S85 V10 in M5 with 500hp. Seven-speed SMG III automated manual on M5. iDrive first generation. Active Steering option. Head-up display. Night Vision. 2888mm wheelbase. M5 V10 revving to 8,250 RPM. 0-60 mph in 4.5 seconds. Chris Bangle design polarizing enthusiasts.

2.0L N20 turbo-four producing 245hp to 4.4L S63 twin-turbo V8 in M5 with 560hp (600hp Competition). Eight-speed automatic standard. Integral Active Steering. Driving Dynamics Control with multiple modes. Gran Turismo hatchback (F07). 2968mm wheelbase. M5 0-60 mph in 3.9 seconds. Lightweight construction with aluminum doors and hood.

2.0L B48 turbo producing 184hp to 4.4L S63 twin-turbo V8 in M5 with 600hp (617hp CS). Eight-speed automatic with paddle shifters. Operating System 7.0. Gesture control. Remote 3D View. Level 2 autonomous driving capability. M5 with xDrive AWD standard and 2WD mode. 2975mm wheelbase. M5 CS 0-60 mph in 2.9 seconds. Carbon Core passenger cell.

2.0L B48 turbo producing 208hp to i5 M60 electric with 593hp. All-electric i5 option with up to 582hp and 295-mile range. Curved display with iDrive 8.5. Augmented Reality navigation. Highway Assistant Level 2+. M5 hybrid with V8 and electric motor producing 717hp combined. 2995mm wheelbase. BMW Operating System 8. Over-the-air updates.

2.8L M30 inline-6 producing 184hp to 3.5L M30 with 218hp. L7 long-wheelbase model. First BMW with on-board computer. ABS anti-lock brakes standard from 1985. 2795mm wheelbase. Air conditioning standard. Electric windows. Central locking. M735i with motorsport tuning. Sophisticated luxury sedan positioning against S-Class.

3.0L M30 inline-6 producing 188hp to 5.0L M70 V12 with 299hp. First BMW V12 engine. Double wishbone front and multi-link rear suspension. Automatic Stability Control (ASC). 2833mm wheelbase. Self-leveling rear suspension. 750iL flagship with extended wheelbase. Xenon headlights introduction. Weight approximately 1850kg for V12.

2.8L M52 inline-6 producing 193hp to 5.4L M73 V12 with 326hp. Six-speed automatic transmission. First diesel 7 Series with 725tds. Satellite navigation standard in North America. Dynamic Stability Control. Curtain airbags. 2930mm wheelbase. Featured in James Bond films. Rain-sensing wipers. Heated steering wheel. Park Distance Control.

3.0L N52 inline-6 producing 258hp to 6.0L N73 V12 with 438hp. First iDrive system with rotary controller. Night Vision with pedestrian detection. Keyless entry. Soft-close doors. Active Cruise Control. Active steering. 2990mm wheelbase. Chris Bangle controversial design. Head-up display. High-beam assistant.

3.0L N55 twin-turbo inline-6 producing 320hp to 6.6L N74 twin-turbo V12 with 535hp. Eight-speed automatic transmission. ActiveHybrid 7 with electric motor. Bang & Olufsen audio system. Night Vision with animal detection. Rear-seat entertainment. Integral Active Steering. 3070mm wheelbase. 760Li 0-60 mph in 4.6 seconds.

2.0L B48 turbo producing 258hp to 6.6L N74 twin-turbo V12 with 601hp. Carbon Core construction reducing weight by 130kg. Gesture control. Remote parking via key fob. Semi-autonomous driving. Level 3 highway pilot (traffic jam assistant). Executive Lounge seating. 3070mm wheelbase. M760Li 0-60 mph in 3.6 seconds. Sky Lounge panoramic roof.

3.0L B58 twin-turbo inline-6 producing 375hp to i7 M70 electric with 650hp. All-electric i7 with up to 318-mile range. BMW Theatre Screen 31-inch 8K display. Level 3 autonomous driving in some markets. Executive Lounge with calf rests. Automatic doors. Digital Art Mode interior ambient lighting. 3215mm wheelbase. i7 M70 0-60 mph in 3.5 seconds. Most technologically advanced BMW.

2.5L M54 inline-6 producing 184hp to 3.0L N52 with 260hp. Six-speed manual or automatic transmission. xDrive permanent all-wheel drive with variable torque split. Electronic damper control. Hill descent control. 2795mm wheelbase. Off-road package available. Panoramic sunroof. Performance Package with limited slip differential. Weight approximately 1800kg.

2.0L N20 turbo-four producing 245hp and 3.0L N55 twin-turbo inline-6 with 300hp. Eight-speed automatic transmission standard. xDrive with Performance Control torque vectoring. Driving Experience Control. Head-up display option. Surround View camera. 2810mm wheelbase. M Sport package with adaptive suspension. Rear-biased torque distribution for sport character.

2.0L B48 turbo producing 184hp to 3.0L S58 twin-turbo in X3 M with 503hp. Eight-speed automatic with paddle shifters. First X3 M Competition model with 503hp. Operating System 7.0 with gesture control. Level 2 autonomous driving. M Sport differential. 2864mm wheelbase. X3 M Competition 0-60 mph in 3.8 seconds. CLAR modular platform.

2.0L B48 turbo producing 194hp to 3.0L S58 in X3 M with enhanced power. Mild hybrid 48V system standard on most engines. iDrive 9 with Operating System 9. Curved display with Interaction Bar. Level 2+ autonomous driving. Augmented Reality navigation. iX3 electric variant with fifth-generation eDrive. 2865mm wheelbase. Increased interior space over predecessor.

3.0L M54 inline-6 producing 225hp to 4.8L N62 V8 with 355hp. Five-speed automatic transmission. xDrive all-wheel drive with variable torque distribution. Hill Descent Control. Four-wheel independent suspension. Dynamic Stability Control standard. 2820mm wheelbase. First X5 4.8is with 355hp. Sport package with 20-inch wheels. Weight approximately 2160kg.

3.0L N52 inline-6 producing 260hp to 4.4L S63 twin-turbo V8 in X5 M with 555hp. Six-speed automatic transitioning to eight-speed. First X5 M with M power. Third-row seating option. iDrive with hard-drive navigation. Adaptive Drive with active anti-roll bars. 2933mm wheelbase. X5 M 0-60 mph in 4.5 seconds. Night Vision with pedestrian detection.

2.0L N20 turbo-four producing 245hp to 4.4L S63 twin-turbo V8 in X5 M with 567hp. Eight-speed automatic standard. eDrive plug-in hybrid option with electric-only range. Dynamic Damper Control. Adaptive LED headlights. Gesture control. Head-up display. 2933mm wheelbase. X5 M 0-60 mph in 4.0 seconds. Weight reduction through aluminum and high-strength steel.

3.0L B58 twin-turbo inline-6 producing 335hp to 4.4L S63 twin-turbo V8 in X5 M with 617hp. Eight-speed automatic with Sport mode. Operating System 7.0 with digital cluster. Air suspension standard on higher trims. Reversing Assistant. iDrive 7 with intelligent personal assistant. 2975mm wheelbase. X5 M Competition 0-60 mph in 3.7 seconds. Off-road package with differential lock.

3.0L B58 twin-turbo inline-6 and V8 options continuing. iX5 electric variant with BMW eDrive technology. iDrive 9 with panoramic display. Level 3 autonomous driving capability. Augmented Reality heads-up display. BMW Interaction Bar. Sustainable materials throughout interior. Increased wheelbase for improved rear passenger space. M Performance models with hybrid assistance.

2.3L S14 inline-4 producing 192hp (Sport Evolution 215hp at 7,000 RPM). Five-speed Getrag manual transmission. Developed for Group A touring car racing. Box flared fenders covering wider track. Specific M3 body panels. Limited slip differential. 0-60 mph in 6.5 seconds. Weight 1165kg. Sold in limited numbers to homologate for racing. Sport Evolution with 2.5L producing 238hp.

3.0L S50 inline-6 producing 240hp (Euro) and 3.2L S52 with 240hp (US). 3.2L S50B32 Euro spec producing 321hp. Six-speed manual transmission. VANOS variable valve timing. Convertible and coupe body styles. M Aerodynamics package. 0-60 mph in 5.3 seconds (Euro). Lightweight package removing amenities. North American version detuned from European specification.

3.2L S54 inline-6 producing 333hp at 7,900 RPM (343hp CSL). Six-speed manual or SMG automated manual. Individual throttle bodies. 8,000 RPM redline. CSL (Coupe Sport Lightweight) with carbon fiber roof, thinner glass, and 1385kg weight. 0-60 mph in 4.8 seconds. CSL 0-60 mph in 4.3 seconds. Considered finest naturally aspirated M3 by many enthusiasts.

4.0L S65 V8 producing 414hp at 8,300 RPM. Seven-speed M DCT dual-clutch transmission. Individual throttle bodies with 8,400 RPM redline. M Dynamic Mode. V8 mounted 160mm lower than S54. GTS limited edition with 450hp and roll cage. Sedan, coupe, and convertible body styles. 0-60 mph in 4.3 seconds. Highest-revving V8 production car. Competition Package with Electronic Damper Control.

3.0L S55 twin-turbo inline-6 producing 425hp (444hp Competition). Seven-speed M DCT or six-speed manual. Active M Differential. Adaptive M Suspension. Carbon ceramic brakes option. CS (Competition Sport) with 453hp and 1540kg weight. 0-60 mph in 3.9 seconds. Competition 0-60 mph in 3.8 seconds. GTS limited edition with 454hp water-injected engine.

3.0L S58 twin-turbo inline-6 producing 473hp (503hp Competition). Six-speed manual or eight-speed automatic. M xDrive AWD option with 2WD mode for first time. M Drift Analyzer. M Drive Professional with track features. M Carbon bucket seats option. CS variant with 543hp. Touring wagon body style for first time. 0-60 mph in 3.4 seconds (Competition). xDrive improves traction and launch times.

2.5L M54 inline-6 producing 184hp to 3.2L S54 in Z4 M with 330hp. Six-speed manual transmission. Roadster and coupe body styles. Electric soft top replacing manual. 2495mm wheelbase. Run-flat tires standard. Z4 M with M3 engine. Dynamic Drive Control. 0-60 mph in 4.8 seconds (Z4 M). Flame surfacing design language.

2.0L N20 turbo producing 184hp to 3.0L N55 twin-turbo with 340hp. Six-speed manual or automatic with paddle shifters. Retractable hardtop replacing soft top. Drive Dynamic Control with sport modes. Adaptive M Suspension. 2496mm wheelbase. sDrive35is with 340hp and overboost function. No coupe variant offered. 0-60 mph in 4.8 seconds (35is). Premium grand tourer positioning.

2.0L B48 turbo producing 255hp and 3.0L B58 twin-turbo with 382hp in M40i. Eight-speed automatic transmission. Co-developed with Toyota Supra. Soft top returning for weight savings. Operating System 7.0. Head-up display. Adaptive M Suspension with electronically controlled dampers. 2470mm wheelbase. M40i 0-60 mph in 3.9 seconds. Shared platform with Toyota but unique driving character.

Electric motor producing 170hp (184hp Sport) with rear-wheel drive. 60 Ah battery with 81-mile range initially, expanded to 120 Ah with 153-mile range. Optional Range Extender 647cc two-cylinder engine. Carbon fiber reinforced plastic passenger cell. Aluminum chassis. Suicide rear doors. 2570mm wheelbase. 0-60 mph in 7.2 seconds. Recycled interior materials. Revolutionary lightweight construction.

1.5L B38 three-cylinder turbo producing 228hp plus electric motor with 129hp for 369hp combined. Six-speed automatic for engine and two-speed for electric motor. Carbon fiber reinforced plastic body. All-wheel drive with front electric motor and rear combustion engine. Scissor doors. Laser headlights optional. 2800mm wheelbase. 0-60 mph in 4.2 seconds. 18-mile electric-only range. Striking design with floating C-pillar.

Single motor eDrive40 producing 335hp and dual motor M50 with 536hp. Fifth-generation eDrive technology. 83.9 kWh battery with up to 301-mile range. BMW Operating System 8. Curved display with iDrive 8. Heat pump standard improving efficiency. 2856mm wheelbase. M50 0-60 mph in 3.7 seconds. Adaptive M Suspension on M50. Essentially electric 4 Series Gran Coupe.

Dual motor xDrive50 producing 516hp and M60 with 610hp. 105.2 kWh battery with up to 324-mile range. Fifth-generation eDrive technology. Carbon fiber reinforced plastic structure. Self-healing kidney grille. Shy Tech hidden technology. Electrochromic roof. 3000mm wheelbase. iX M60 0-60 mph in 3.6 seconds. Level 3 autonomous driving capable. Recycled fishing nets in interior materials.

2.0L N20 turbo producing 184hp to 3.0L S55 twin-turbo in M2 with 365hp. Six-speed manual or eight-speed automatic. Rear-wheel drive coupe and convertible. Active Tourer front-wheel drive MPV variant. M2 with M3/M4 suspension components. Competition Package with 405hp. 2690mm wheelbase on coupe. M2 0-60 mph in 4.2 seconds. Last BMW coupe with hydraulic steering initially.

2.0L B48 turbo producing 255hp to 3.0L S58 twin-turbo in M2 with 453hp. Six-speed manual or eight-speed automatic. Rear-wheel drive maintained on coupe. M2 with S58 engine from M3/M4. M Adaptive Suspension. M Sport differential. 2741mm wheelbase on coupe. M2 0-60 mph in 3.9 seconds. Larger dimensions than predecessor. Gran Coupe on front-wheel drive platform.

2.0L B48 turbo producing 228hp to 2.0L B48 with 301hp in M235i. Eight-speed automatic transmission. Front-wheel drive based FAAR platform. xDrive AWD option. Gran Coupe four-door body style. M Sport package. ARB (Actuator Contiguous Wheel Slip Limitation) technology. 2670mm wheelbase. M235i 0-60 mph in 4.6 seconds. Practical entry-level BMW for younger buyers.

2.0L N20 turbo producing 245hp to 3.0L S55 twin-turbo in M4 with 425hp. Six-speed manual or eight-speed automatic. Coupe, convertible, and Gran Coupe body styles. M4 with carbon fiber roof standard. Active M Differential. Adaptive M Suspension. 2810mm wheelbase. M4 GTS with water-injected 493hp engine. M4 0-60 mph in 3.9 seconds. Carbon fiber reinforced plastic components.

2.0L B48 turbo producing 255hp to 3.0L S58 twin-turbo in M4 with 503hp. Six-speed manual or eight-speed automatic. Controversial large kidney grille design. M4 Competition with 503hp standard. xDrive AWD option on M4 for first time. Carbon fiber bucket seats option. Operating System 7.0. 2851mm wheelbase. M4 Competition 0-60 mph in 3.4 seconds. M4 CSL limited edition with 543hp.

The reliable SOHC inline-six that powered BMW's mainstream models throughout the 1980s. This 1,990cc (growing to 2,693cc) single overhead camshaft inline-six featured a cast iron block with aluminum cylinder head and seven main bearings. The valvetrain used a timing belt-driven camshaft operating rocker arms with hydraulic lash adjusters. The engine employed Bosch L-Jetronic fuel injection with a vane-type air flow meter. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 9.0:1 compression, it produced 125 hp at 4,800 RPM in early 2.0L form, growing to 170 hp at 5,800 RPM in the 2.7L eta version. The M20's durability and smooth operation made it the perfect engine for BMW's volume models, establishing the brand's reputation for reliable six-cylinder performance.

The modern SOHC four-cylinder that replaced the M10 in BMW's entry-level models. This 1,596cc (later 1,796cc) single overhead camshaft inline-four featured a cast iron block with aluminum cylinder head and five main bearings. The valvetrain used a timing belt-driven camshaft operating rocker arms with hydraulic lash adjusters. The engine employed Bosch Motronic fuel injection with electronic ignition. The crankshaft was a cast iron unit, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 8.8:1 compression, it produced 102 hp at 5,500 RPM in 1.6L form, growing to 113 hp at 5,500 RPM in the 1.8L version. The M40 provided modern fuel injection and improved refinement over its predecessor while maintaining BMW's sporting character in base models.

The modern DOHC inline-six that brought four-valve technology to BMW's mainstream models. This 1,991cc (growing to 2,494cc) dual overhead camshaft inline-six featured a cast iron block with aluminum cylinder head and four valves per cylinder. The valvetrain used timing chains driving dual camshafts operating 24 valves via bucket followers. The engine employed Bosch Motronic fuel injection with hot-wire air mass meter. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit with seven main bearings, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 10.5:1 compression, it produced 150 hp at 6,000 RPM in 2.0L form, growing to 192 hp at 5,900 RPM in the 2.5L version. The M50's advanced architecture and VANOS variable valve timing established the template for modern BMW six-cylinders.

The refined DOHC inline-six with aluminum block construction for reduced weight. This 1,991cc (growing to 2,793cc) dual overhead camshaft inline-six featured an aluminum block with Nikasil-coated cylinder bores and aluminum cylinder head with four valves per cylinder. The valvetrain used double-VANOS variable valve timing on both camshafts. The engine employed Bosch Motronic fuel injection with sequential fuel delivery. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit with seven main bearings, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 10.2:1 compression, it produced 150 hp at 5,900 RPM in 2.0L form, growing to 193 hp at 5,300 RPM in the 2.8L version. The M52's lightweight construction and advanced VANOS system provided both performance and efficiency improvements.

The reliable DOHC inline-six that perfected BMW's naturally aspirated six-cylinder formula. This 2,171cc (growing to 2,979cc) dual overhead camshaft inline-six featured an aluminum block with Alusil-coated cylinder bores and aluminum cylinder head with four valves per cylinder. The valvetrain used double-VANOS variable valve timing with 40° of adjustment range. The engine employed Bosch ME7 engine management with electronic throttle control. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit with seven main bearings, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 10.2:1 compression, it produced 170 hp at 6,100 RPM in 2.2L form, growing to 231 hp at 5,900 RPM in the 3.0L version. The M54's balance of power, refinement, and reliability made it one of BMW's most successful engines.

BMW's first modern V8 engine that established the brand in the premium V8 segment. This 2,997cc (growing to 3,982cc) 90° V8 featured an aluminum block with Nikasil-coated cylinder bores and aluminum cylinder heads with four valves per cylinder. The valvetrain used timing chains driving four camshafts operating 32 valves via bucket followers. The engine employed Bosch Motronic fuel injection with two hot-wire air mass meters. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit with six main bearings, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 10.0:1 compression, it produced 218 hp at 5,800 RPM in 3.0L form, growing to 286 hp at 5,800 RPM in the 4.0L version. The M60's smooth operation and advanced technology competed directly with Mercedes-Benz V8 offerings.

The refined V8 that replaced the M60 with improved reliability and performance. This 3,498cc (growing to 4,398cc) 90° V8 featured an aluminum block with Alusil-coated cylinder bores and aluminum cylinder heads with four valves per cylinder. The valvetrain used timing chains driving four camshafts operating 32 valves via roller rockers. The engine employed Bosch ME5.2 engine management with VANOS on the intake camshafts. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit with six main bearings, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 10.0:1 compression, it produced 235 hp at 5,700 RPM in 3.5L form, growing to 286 hp at 5,400 RPM in the 4.4L version. The M62 addressed the Nikasil issues of its predecessor while delivering improved power and efficiency.

The advanced four-cylinder with Valvetronic variable valve lift for improved efficiency. This 1,995cc DOHC inline-four featured an aluminum block with cast iron liners and aluminum cylinder head with four valves per cylinder. The valvetrain used Valvetronic fully variable valve lift plus double-VANOS variable valve timing. The engine employed Siemens MS45 engine management with electronic throttle control. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit with five main bearings, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 10.5:1 compression, it produced 150 hp at 6,200 RPM and 147 lb-ft at 3,600 RPM. The N46's Valvetronic system eliminated the throttle butterfly for reduced pumping losses and improved fuel efficiency.

The magnesium-aluminum inline-six that set new standards for lightweight construction. This 2,497cc (growing to 2,996cc) dual overhead camshaft inline-six featured a magnesium-aluminum composite block with aluminum cylinder head and four valves per cylinder. The valvetrain used Valvetronic fully variable valve lift plus double-VANOS variable valve timing. The engine employed Siemens MSV90 engine management with electronic throttle control. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit with seven main bearings, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 10.7:1 compression, it produced 215 hp at 6,500 RPM in 2.5L form, growing to 258 hp at 6,600 RPM in the 3.0L version. The N52's innovative construction made it the lightest six-cylinder in its class while delivering exceptional smoothness.

The single turbo inline-six that replaced the N54 with improved efficiency and response. This 2,979cc twin-scroll turbo inline-six featured a closed-deck cast iron block with aluminum cylinder head and Valvetronic variable valve lift. The engine employed a single twin-scroll turbocharger with electronic wastegate control, producing 13.0 psi boost. The valvetrain used Valvetronic plus double-VANOS variable valve timing, while the fuel system used direct injection at 200 bar pressure. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit with seven main bearings, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 10.2:1 compression, it produced 300 hp at 5,800 RPM and 300 lb-ft from 1,200-5,000 RPM. The N55's twin-scroll turbo provided similar performance to the N54 with improved low-end response and better fuel economy.

The advanced V8 with Valvetronic that powered BMW's luxury and performance models. This 4,398cc (growing to 4,799cc) 90° V8 featured an aluminum block with Alusil-coated cylinder bores and aluminum cylinder heads with four valves per cylinder. The valvetrain used Valvetronic fully variable valve lift plus double-VANOS variable valve timing on all four camshafts. The engine employed Siemens MSD85 engine management with direct injection in later versions. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit with six main bearings, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 10.5:1 compression, it produced 325 hp at 6,100 RPM in 4.4L form, growing to 360 hp at 6,300 RPM in the 4.8L version. The N62's Valvetronic system made it one of the most technologically advanced V8s of its era.

The hot-V twin-turbo V8 that brought high performance to BMW's luxury models. This 4,395cc 90° V8 featured a hot-V turbocharger configuration with twin turbochargers mounted within the vee. The aluminum block used closed-deck construction with plasma-coated cylinder bores, while the cylinder heads featured Valvetronic variable valve lift. The turbochargers were twin-scroll units with electronic wastegate control, producing 12.0 psi boost. The fuel system used direct injection at 200 bar pressure, while ignition used individual coil-on-plug units. With 10.0:1 compression, it produced 400 hp at 5,500 RPM and 450 lb-ft from 1,750-4,500 RPM. The N63's innovative packaging and performance established BMW as a leader in turbocharged V8 technology.

The M Division's twin-turbo inline-six that maintained high-revving character. This 2,979cc twin-turbo inline-six featured a closed-deck cast iron block with aluminum cylinder head and 3D-printed cylinder head core. The engine employed twin mono-scroll turbochargers with electronically controlled wastegates and 18.1 psi maximum boost. The valvetrain used double-VANOS variable valve timing but omitted Valvetronic for higher RPM capability. The fuel system used 200 bar direct injection with solenoid injectors, while ignition used individual coil-on-plug units. With 10.2:1 compression, it produced 425 hp at 5,500 RPM and 406 lb-ft from 1,850-5,500 RPM. The S55 maintained the M Division's high-revving philosophy while delivering massive turbocharged performance.

The high-revving V8 that powered the E90 M3 with Formula 1-inspired technology. This 3,999cc 90° V8 featured an aluminum block with silicon-impregnated cylinder liners and aluminum cylinder heads with four valves per cylinder. The valvetrain used individual throttle bodies with double-VANOS variable valve timing on all four camshafts. The engine employed Bosch MED9 engine management with individual cylinder tuning. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit with six main bearings, while the connecting rods were forged titanium. With 12.0:1 compression, it produced 414 hp at 8,300 RPM and 295 lb-ft at 3,900 RPM. The S65's 8,400 RPM redline and individual throttle bodies delivered Formula 1-like excitement in a production car.

BMW's fifth-generation eDrive technology for all-electric models. These systems feature current-excited synchronous motors without rare earth materials, with power outputs from 335-650 hp in current applications. The motors use hairpin winding technology with integrated power electronics and transmission in a single housing. The battery packs use NMC 811 chemistry with 400V architecture and active thermal management. The i4 M50's dual-motor system produces 536 hp and 586 lb-ft with acceleration to 60 mph in 3.7 seconds. The motors feature torque vectoring across the rear axle and regenerative braking up to 195 kW. DC fast charging supports up to 200 kW, adding 108 miles of range in 10 minutes. These powertrains maintain BMW's driving dynamics while transitioning to full electrification.

The engine that established BMW's engineering reputation and inline-six legacy. This 19,083cc water-cooled inline-six was derived from the Rapp Motor Company designs that BMW acquired. The engine featured an aluminum crankcase with six individual steel cylinders and overhead valves operated by pushrods from a gear-driven camshaft. The carburetion system used a high-altitude Pallas carburetor with automatic mixture control, while ignition employed twin Bosch magnetos. The crankshaft was a massive forged steel unit running in seven main bearings with a vibration damper, while the connecting rods were forged steel with floating piston pins. With 6.4:1 compression, it produced 185 hp at 1,400 RPM and 775 lb-ft at 1,200 RPM. The engine's smooth operation and high-altitude performance made it legendary in World War I aviation. This engine established BMW's inline-six expertise and the manufacturing precision that would define the company for the next century.

The engine that launched BMW's automotive production through the Austin Seven license. This 747cc side-valve inline-four featured a cast iron block with non-detachable cylinder head and three main bearings. The valvetrain used side-mounted valves actuated by pushrods from a gear-driven camshaft mounted low in the block. The engine employed a single Solex 26 BFR carburetor with manual choke, while ignition used a Bosch distributor with centrifugal advance. The crankshaft was a cast iron unit running in three plain bearings, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 5.6:1 compression, it produced 15 hp at 3,000 RPM and 27 lb-ft at 2,000 RPM. The engine's simple design and reliable operation helped establish BMW in the automotive market. Production from 1927-1932 saw this engine power BMW's first cars, creating the foundation for all future automotive development.

The competition-proven inline-six that established BMW's sports car reputation. This 1,971cc overhead-valve inline-six featured a cast iron block with aluminum cylinder head and hemispherical combustion chambers. The valvetrain used pushrods and rocker arms operating inclined valves in a crossflow head design. The engine employed three Solex 30 BFRV carburetors with progressive linkage, while ignition used a Bosch distributor with centrifugal and vacuum advance. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit running in four main bearings, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 7.5:1 compression, it produced 80 hp at 5,000 RPM and 94 lb-ft at 4,000 RPM. The engine's lightweight construction (385 pounds) and high specific output (40 hp/liter) made the 328 dominant in pre-war sports car racing. This engine's competition success established BMW's reputation for building sporting cars with brilliant engines.

The legendary four-cylinder that powered BMW's post-war renaissance and established the 'New Class'. This 1,499cc (later 1,990cc) single overhead camshaft inline-four featured a cast iron block with aluminum cylinder head and five main bearings. The valvetrain used a timing chain-driven camshaft operating rocker arms with adjustable tappets. The engine evolved from a single Solex carburetor to twin Solex PHH sidedraft carburetors, with later versions using K-Jetronic fuel injection. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 8.5:1 compression, it produced 75 hp at 5,800 RPM in early form, growing to 130 hp at 5,800 RPM in 2002tii specification. The M10's robust design and tunability made it a racing legend, with turbocharged versions in Formula One producing over 1,300 hp. This engine established BMW's reputation for building durable, high-performance four-cylinders.

The 'Big Six' that defined BMW's luxury performance identity for three decades. This 2,494cc (growing to 3,453cc) single overhead camshaft inline-six featured a cast iron block with aluminum cylinder head and seven main bearings. The valvetrain used a timing chain-driven camshaft operating rocker arms with hydraulic lash adjusters. The engine evolved from twin Zenith carburetors to Bosch L-Jetronic and later Motronic fuel injection. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 8.0:1 compression in early versions (growing to 9.3:1), it produced 150 hp at 5,800 RPM initially, with the 3.5L version producing 218 hp at 5,200 RPM. The M30's smooth operation, massive torque, and legendary durability made it the perfect engine for BMW's luxury models. This engine remained in production for 30 years, powering everything from the 2002 to the 7 Series.

The Motorsport-developed DOHC inline-six that created the M Division legend. This 3,453cc dual overhead camshaft inline-six was developed from the M49 racing engine and featured a cast iron block with aluminum cylinder head and four valves per cylinder. The valvetrain used timing chains driving four camshafts operating 24 valves via bucket followers. The engine employed individual throttle bodies with Bosch Motronic fuel injection, while ignition used individual coil-on-plug units. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit with seven main bearings, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 10.0:1 compression, it produced 277 hp at 6,500 RPM and 243 lb-ft at 4,500 RPM in M635CSi form. The engine's exotic architecture and race-bred technology established the template for all future M engines. This was the engine that proved BMW could compete with the world's best sports cars.

The racing-derived four-cylinder that powered BMW's most iconic touring car. Based on the M88 six-cylinder architecture, this 2,302cc (later 2,467cc) DOHC inline-four used the M88's cylinder head design with four valves per cylinder. The engine featured a cast iron block with aluminum cylinder head and individual throttle bodies. The valvetrain used timing chains driving dual camshafts operating 16 valves via bucket followers. The engine employed Bosch Motronic fuel injection with individual cylinder tuning, while ignition used a distributorless system. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit with five main bearings, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 10.5:1 compression, it produced 195 hp at 6,750 RPM and 170 lb-ft at 4,750 RPM in Evolution models. The engine's high-RPM character and race-bred technology made the E30 M3 dominant in touring car racing worldwide. This engine proved that four-cylinders could deliver exotic performance when properly engineered.

The sophisticated V12 that established BMW in the luxury flagship segment. This 4,988cc 60° V12 featured two separate cast iron blocks with aluminum cylinder heads and two separate engine management systems. The valvetrain used single overhead camshafts per bank operating 24 valves via rocker arms with hydraulic lash adjusters. The engine employed two Bosch Motronic 1.7 systems—one for each bank—with sequential fuel injection. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit with seven main bearings, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 8.8:1 compression, it produced 296 hp at 5,200 RPM and 332 lb-ft at 4,100 RPM. The engine's incredibly smooth operation and refined character competed directly with Mercedes-Benz V12 offerings. This V12 established BMW as a true luxury manufacturer while maintaining the performance character expected from the brand.

The DOHC inline-six that brought M3 performance to the world market. This 2,990cc (US 3,152cc) dual overhead camshaft inline-six featured a cast iron block with aluminum cylinder head and four valves per cylinder. The valvetrain used VANOS variable valve timing on the intake camshaft—BMW's first production variable timing system. The engine employed individual throttle bodies with Bosch Motronic fuel injection, while ignition used individual coil-on-plug units. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit with seven main bearings, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 10.8:1 compression, the European version produced 286 hp at 7,000 RPM and 236 lb-ft at 3,600 RPM. The engine's responsive character and high-RPM power delivery defined the E36 M3's sporting nature. This engine brought true M Division performance to a more accessible price point while maintaining BMW's inline-six heritage.

The high-revving masterpiece that many consider BMW's greatest inline-six. This 3,246cc dual overhead camshaft inline-six featured a cast iron block with aluminum cylinder head and four valves per cylinder. The valvetrain used double-VANOS variable valve timing on both intake and exhaust camshafts with 40° of adjustment range. The engine employed individual throttle bodies with Siemens MSS 54 engine management, while ignition used individual coil-on-plug units. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit with seven main bearings, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 11.5:1 compression, it produced 333 hp at 7,900 RPM and 262 lb-ft at 4,900 RPM. The engine's 8,000 RPM redline and race-bred technology delivered Formula 1-like excitement in a production car. This engine represents the absolute pinnacle of naturally-aspirated inline-six development before the turbocharging era.

The revolutionary twin-turbo inline-six that began BMW's forced induction era. This 2,979cc twin-turbo inline-six featured a closed-deck cast iron block with aluminum cylinder head and direct fuel injection. The engine employed twin small BorgWarner turbochargers with electronic wastegate control, producing 8.8 psi of boost. The valvetrain used double-VANOS variable valve timing on both camshafts, while the fuel system used direct injection at 200 bar pressure. The crankshaft was a forged steel unit with seven main bearings, while the connecting rods were forged steel. With 10.2:1 compression, it produced 300 hp at 5,800 RPM and 300 lb-ft from 1,400-5,000 RPM. The engine's massive low-end torque and tunability made it an instant legend among enthusiasts. This engine proved that turbocharging could deliver both efficiency and exceptional performance while maintaining BMW's inline-six character.

The high-performance twin-turbo V8 that powers BMW's modern M cars. This 4,395cc 90° V8 features a hot-V turbocharger configuration with twin turbochargers mounted within the vee. The aluminum block uses closed-deck construction with plasma-coated cylinder bores, while the cylinder heads feature 32 valves with double-VANOS variable valve timing. The turbochargers are twin-scroll units with electronic wastegate control, producing up to 22 psi boost. The fuel system combines direct injection at 200 bar pressure with port injection, while ignition uses individual coil-on-plug units. With 10.0:1 compression, it produces 560 hp at 6,000 RPM in early versions, growing to 625 hp at 6,000 RPM in Competition models. The engine features cross-bank exhaust manifolds and Valvetronic fully variable valve lift. Weighing 485 pounds, it delivers supercar performance while maintaining the refinement expected from BMW's luxury models.

The latest evolution of BMW's high-performance inline-six for the M Division. This 2,993cc twin-turbo inline-six features a closed-deck cast iron block with aluminum cylinder head and 3D-printed cylinder head core. The engine employs twin mono-scroll turbochargers with electronically controlled wastegates and 24.0 psi maximum boost. The valvetrain uses double-VANOS variable valve timing on both camshafts plus Valvetronic fully variable valve lift. The fuel system uses 350 bar direct injection with piezo injectors, while ignition uses individual coil-on-plug units. The cooling system features a separate circuit for the turbochargers and intercooler. With 9.3:1 compression, it produces 473 hp at 6,250 RPM and 406 lb-ft from 2,650-6,130 RPM in standard form, with Competition models producing 503 hp. The engine's race-bred technology and massive power output continue BMW's inline-six legacy into the turbocharged era.

BMW's modular turbocharged engine family that powers most current models. These engines share common architecture across three, four, and six-cylinder configurations with 500cc per cylinder. The B58 2,998cc inline-six features a closed-deck aluminum block with composite steel/aluminum crankcase and plasma-coated cylinder bores. The valvetrain uses double-VANOS variable valve timing plus Valvetronic fully variable valve lift. The turbocharger is a twin-scroll unit with electronic wastegate control and 18.0 psi boost. The fuel system uses 350 bar direct injection with solenoid injectors, while ignition uses individual coil-on-plug units. With 11.0:1 compression, the B58 produces 382 hp at 6,500 RPM and 369 lb-ft from 1,800-5,000 RPM. This modular family represents BMW's current engineering philosophy—efficient, powerful, and scalable across the model range while maintaining the driving character that defines the brand.

The tiny range-extender engine that supported BMW's first mass-production electric vehicle. This 647cc inline-two was sourced from BMW's motorcycle division and featured a aluminum block with integrated balance shaft. The engine operated as a generator only, running at constant RPM to charge the battery pack when needed. With 10.6:1 compression, it produced 34 hp at 4,300 RPM—just enough to maintain battery charge during extended driving. The engine's compact size and minimal weight (87 pounds) made it ideal for the i3's carbon fiber life module structure. While not a primary power source, this engine demonstrated BMW's innovative approach to range anxiety in early electric vehicles.

The revolutionary three-cylinder hybrid that powered BMW's futuristic sports car. This 1,499cc turbocharged inline-three was based on the B38 architecture but extensively modified for high-performance hybrid operation. The engine featured a aluminum block with integrated balance shaft and twin-scroll turbocharger with 17.4 psi boost. The hybrid system employed a 96 kW electric motor between the engine and transmission, powered by a 7.1 kWh lithium-ion battery. With 10.0:1 compression, the combustion engine produced 228 hp at 5,800 RPM, while the hybrid system added 131 hp for total output of 359 hp. The complete powertrain weighed 485 pounds, enabling 0-60 mph in 4.2 seconds with CO2 emissions of only 49 g/km. This engine demonstrated that extreme performance and environmental responsibility could coexist.

BMW's current generation of plug-in hybrid systems across the model range. These systems combine turbocharged gasoline engines with electric motors for combined outputs up to 644 hp in the XM. The most powerful configuration pairs the S63 4.4L twin-turbo V8 with a 145 kW electric motor, producing 644 hp and 590 lb-ft. The electric motor is integrated into the transmission with a disconnect clutch, while the battery packs range from 12.0-25.7 kWh capacity. The systems allow for electric-only ranges up to 54 miles and DC fast charging up to 7.4 kW. These powertrains represent BMW's transition strategy—maintaining combustion engine character while increasingly relying on electric power for daily driving.

BMW's fifth-generation eDrive technology for all-electric models. These systems feature current-excited synchronous motors without rare earth materials, with power outputs from 335-536 hp in current applications. The motors use hairpin winding technology with integrated power electronics and transmission in a single housing. The battery packs use NMC 811 chemistry with 400V architecture and active thermal management. The i4 M50's dual-motor system produces 536 hp and 586 lb-ft with acceleration to 60 mph in 3.7 seconds. The motors feature torque vectoring across the rear axle and regenerative braking up to 195 kW. DC fast charging supports up to 200 kW, adding 108 miles of range in 10 minutes. These powertrains maintain BMW's driving dynamics while transitioning to full electrification, with the characteristic sound composition creating an emotional connection to traditional BMW engines.

The robust 4-speed manual transmission used in BMW's early models. This Getrag-sourced gearbox featured all-synchronized gears with helical cut teeth for quiet operation. The casing was cast iron with aluminum extension housing. The shift mechanism used a direct rod linkage with bronze bushings for precise feel. The clutch was a single dry plate design with mechanical cable actuation. Weighing 35kg, it provided reliable service in BMW's entry-level models while delivering the direct mechanical connection that defined the brand's driving character.

The 5-speed manual that brought overdrive efficiency to BMW's sport models. This Getrag-derived transmission featured all-synchronized gears with close-ratio spacing for sporting use. The casing was aluminum with integrated mounting points. The shift mechanism used a direct rod linkage with precise gate definition. The clutch was a single dry plate design with hydraulic actuation in later versions. Weighing 42kg, it provided both performance-oriented gear ratios and highway cruising efficiency, perfectly matching BMW's dual-purpose sporting character.

The legendary 5-speed manual that defined BMW's sporting reputation. This Getrag transmission featured all-synchronized gears with dog-leg pattern in sport models. The casing was aluminum with additional ribbing for strength. The shift mechanism used a direct rod linkage with short throws and positive engagement. The clutch was a single dry plate design with hydraulic actuation and lightweight flywheel. Weighing 45kg, it became the benchmark for manual transmission feel, providing the perfect connection between driver and machine in BMW's most iconic models.

The modern 6-speed manual that brought additional gear ratios to BMW's performance models. This Getrag-sourced transmission featured all-synchronized gears with carbon-lined synchronizers for smoother shifting. The casing was aluminum with integrated cooling fins. The shift mechanism used a cable linkage system for improved packaging and reduced vibration. The clutch was a single dry plate design with dual-mass flywheel for reduced NVH. Weighing 55kg, it provided both close-ratio performance and highway cruising refinement in BMW's modern sport sedans.

The refined 6-speed manual for BMW's modern performance models. This Getrag transmission featured all-synchronized gears with triple-cone synchronizers on 2nd and 3rd gears. The casing was aluminum with integrated mounting points for improved rigidity. The shift mechanism used a cable linkage system with automatic tension adjustment. The clutch was a single dry plate design with dual-mass flywheel and hydraulic actuation with delay valve. Weighing 60kg, it balanced precise shift feel with the refinement expected in BMW's luxury sport models.

The sophisticated 4-speed automatic for BMW's early luxury models. This ZF-sourced transmission featured hydraulic control system with lock-up torque converter. The gear ratios were optimized for both performance and efficiency, with kick-down function for passing maneuvers. The casing was aluminum with integrated oil cooler connections. The shift quality was smooth and refined, with adaptive programming that learned driver behavior. Weighing 75kg, it provided the luxury expected in BMW's flagship models while maintaining adequate performance character.

The advanced 5-speed automatic that brought additional ratios to BMW's models. This ZF transmission featured electronic control system with adaptive shift programming. The gear ratios included overdrive for improved highway fuel economy. The casing was aluminum with integrated mechatronic unit for electronic control. The shift quality was refined with multiple drive programs including Sport and Winter modes. Weighing 80kg, it provided both luxury comfort and responsive performance, adapting to driving style and road conditions automatically.

The refined 5-speed automatic with Steptronic manual control. This ZF transmission featured electronic control with Steptronic manual mode allowing driver-selected gear changes. The gear ratios were optimized for both performance and efficiency, with adaptive learning capability. The casing was aluminum with integrated temperature management. The shift quality was smooth in comfort mode and responsive in sport mode. Weighing 82kg, it provided the perfect balance of luxury and sportiness that defined BMW's modern character.

The heavy-duty 5-speed automatic for BMW's high-torque models. This ZF transmission featured reinforced internals for high-torque applications up to 450 Nm. The electronic control system included adaptive shift programming and manual mode with paddle shifters in later versions. The casing was aluminum with integrated auxiliary oil cooler. The shift quality was both refined and responsive, with multiple drive programs including Sport and Comfort modes. Weighing 85kg, it handled the torque of BMW's V8 and high-output six-cylinder engines with reliability and sophistication.

The flagship 5-speed automatic for BMW's V12 models. This ZF transmission featured heavy-duty construction for the high-torque V12 engines. The electronic control system included adaptive shift programming with multiple drive programs. The casing was aluminum with integrated heat exchangers for sustained performance. The shift quality was exceptionally smooth with seamless gear changes. Weighing 90kg, it provided the ultimate in luxury refinement while handling the substantial torque of BMW's flagship V12 powerplants.

The advanced 6-speed automatic that set new standards for performance and efficiency. This ZF transmission featured electronic control with adaptive shift programming and manual mode with paddle shifters. The gear ratios included two overdrive gears for improved highway fuel economy. The casing was aluminum with integrated mechatronic unit for precise electronic control. The shift quality was both rapid and smooth, with shift times under 200ms in sport mode. Weighing 88kg, it provided both luxury comfort and sports car performance in one sophisticated package.

The revolutionary automated manual transmission for the E46 M3. This Getrag-based transmission featured electrohydraulic actuation of the clutch and gear changes. Shift times were under 80ms in the fastest setting, with launch control for optimal acceleration. The casing was aluminum with integrated hydraulic pump and accumulator. The system included multiple drive programs from comfort to track-focused settings. Weighing 70kg, it provided Formula 1-like shift speed while maintaining the mechanical efficiency of a manual transmission.

The advanced 7-speed automated manual for the V10 M5. This Getrag-derived transmission featured electrohydraulic actuation with seven forward speeds. Shift times were under 65ms in the fastest setting, with launch control and multiple drive programs. The casing was aluminum with integrated hydraulic control unit and heat exchangers. The system included Drivelogic with eleven different shift programs. Weighing 95kg, it handled the high-RPM power of the V10 engine while providing both automated comfort and manual control precision.

The high-performance dual-clutch transmission for the V8 M3. This Getrag-sourced DCT featured two multi-plate wet clutches with seven forward speeds. Shift times were under 100ms in the fastest setting, with pre-selection technology. The casing was magnesium with integrated oil cooling system. The system included Launch Control and multiple drive programs with Drivelogic. Weighing 90kg, it provided both automatic convenience and manual control with lightning-fast shifts perfect for track use.

The efficient single-speed transmission for BMW's electric vehicles. This transmission features a planetary gearset with fixed reduction ratio optimized for electric motor characteristics. The casing is aluminum with integrated cooling channels for the electric motor. The system includes a parking pawl mechanism and reverse gear capability. Weighing 35kg, it provides silent, seamless acceleration without gear shifts, perfectly matching the instant torque delivery of electric motors while maximizing efficiency and reliability.

The purist's manual transmission for ultimate driver engagement. This Getrag-derived 6-speed gearbox features close-ratio gears with carbon synchronizers for precise shifts. The casing is aluminum with additional reinforcement for high-torque applications. The clutch is a twin-plate design with hydraulic actuation, while the shift mechanism uses a direct rod linkage for mechanical feel. The differential is a mechanical limited-slip unit with torque-sensing capability. Weighing 65kg, it provides the most connected driving experience, allowing drivers to fully exploit BMW's engines through perfect rev-matching and heel-toe downshifts.

The high-performance dual-clutch transmission for BMW's M models. This 7-speed DCT features two multi-plate wet clutches running in separate oil baths. Shift times are under 100ms in Sport mode, with pre-selection technology anticipating gear changes. The casing is magnesium with integrated heat exchangers for sustained track use. The transmission features Launch Control and multiple drive programs. Weighing 95kg, it can handle 700Nm of torque while providing lightning-fast shifts and optimal performance in all conditions.

The sophisticated ZF-sourced automatic that balances performance and refinement. This 8HP transmission features adaptive shift programming and torque converter lock-up from 2nd gear onwards. Shift times are under 200ms in Sport mode, with predictive gear selection based on navigation and driver behavior. The casing is aluminum with integrated cooling circuits. The transmission features paddle shifters and multiple drive programs. Weighing 90kg, it provides both luxurious comfort and responsive performance, perfectly matching the character of BMW's luxury models.

2.0L M328 inline-6 producing 80hp naturally aspirated. Innovative hemispherical combustion chamber design. Opposed-valve cylinder head. Cross-pushrod valve actuation reducing weight. Four-speed manual transmission. Rear-wheel drive. 2400mm wheelbase. 830kg curb weight extremely light. 150 km/h top speed (93 mph). Tubular frame construction. Transverse leaf spring front suspension. Live rear axle with semi-elliptic springs. Mille Miglia victory 1940. RAC Tourist Trophy wins. Le Mans class victory. Only 464 units produced. Most successful pre-war sports car. Engineering excellence established BMW reputation. Roadster and coupe body styles. Aerodynamic streamlined design. Stuttgart factory manufacturing. German sports car benchmark.

3.2L OHV aluminum V8 producing 150hp to 165hp. Four-speed manual transmission. Rear-wheel drive. 2480mm wheelbase. 1330kg curb weight. 220 km/h top speed (137 mph). Beautiful Albrecht Graf Goertz design. Aluminum body panels hand-formed. Independent front suspension torsion bar. Live rear axle torsion bar. Front disc brakes. Only 252 units produced extremely rare. $9000 price too expensive for market. Financial disaster for BMW nearly bankrupt. Celebrity owners Elvis Presley twice. John Surtees racer. Ursula Andress actress. Most valuable post-war BMW. Collector car extremely sought. Beautiful design timeless. German sports car elegance. Munich manufacturing.

247cc single-cylinder 13hp initially. Later 298cc 13hp and 582cc twin-cylinder 20hp. Four-speed manual transmission. Rear-wheel drive chain driven. Front-opening single door unique. 1800mm wheelbase tiny. 350kg curb weight minimal. 85 km/h top speed. Licensed from Iso of Italy. BMW redesigned rear suspension. Single rear wheel initially. Twin rear wheels later more stable. Over 161,000 units produced. Saved BMW from bankruptcy. Post-war economic transportation. German Wirtschaftswunder economic miracle vehicle. Bubble car design iconic. Space-efficient interior. Fuel economy exceptional. Entry-level motoring affordable. Munich and other factories. BMW survival vehicle crucial.

2.0L M10 inline-4 producing 100hp standard. 2002ti 120hp. 2002tii Kugelfischer fuel injection 130hp. 2002 Turbo 170hp first European turbo production. Four-speed and five-speed manual transmissions. Rear-wheel drive. 2500mm wheelbase. 1080kg curb weight. MacPherson strut front suspension. Semi-trailing arm rear independent. 0-60 mph 8.8 seconds tii. 185 km/h top speed Turbo. Compact sports sedan concept creator. Established BMW in America. New Class 1600-2 basis. Two-door sedan body. 02 Series designation. Over 860,000 produced. Enthusiast favorite legendary. Affordable performance sedan. Munich manufacturing. German engineering accessible. Created compact sport sedan segment.

3.0L M30 inline-6 producing 200hp standard. 3.2L 206hp later. 3.5L Group 5 racing 450hp+. Four-speed manual transmission standard. Five-speed Getrag racing. Rear-wheel drive. 2625mm wheelbase. 1165kg curb weight lightweight. Coupe Sport Leichtbau meaning Coupe Sport Lightweight. Aluminum doors hood trunk. Thinner steel body panels. Plexiglass side windows. Batmobile nickname from aero kit. Front spoiler massive. Rear wing adjustable. Rear window spoiler. IMSA and European Touring Car Championship dominance. Homologation special. Only 1265 units produced road cars. 0-60 mph 6.9 seconds. 220 km/h top speed. Most successful touring car ever. Racing heritage BMW established. Collector car extremely valuable.