Rivian

Quad motor standard. 835hp combined output. 1231Nm torque. AWD all-wheel drive. Dual motor option later. 180kWh Max Pack battery. 660km range Max Pack. 135kWh Large Pack standard. 505km range Large Pack. 0-60 mph 3.0 seconds quad motor. 176km/h top speed. 800V architecture. 250kW DC fast charging. 5514mm length. 3449mm wheelbase. 3075kg curb weight. Five-seat crew cab. Gear Tunnel storage unique. Camp Kitchen accessory. Powered tonneau cover. Air suspension adjustable. Off-road capability genuine. 360mm ground clearance. Normal Illinois manufacturing. Amazon investment backing. Adventure vehicle positioning. Electric truck first. Outdoor lifestyle focus.

Quad motor standard. 835hp combined output. 1231Nm torque. AWD all-wheel drive. Dual motor option available. 180kWh Max Pack battery. 595km range Max Pack. 135kWh Large Pack. 490km range Large Pack. 0-60 mph 3.0 seconds quad motor. 176km/h top speed. 800V architecture. 250kW fast charging. 5100mm length. 3075mm wheelbase. 3020kg curb weight. Seven-seat three-row SUV. Air suspension standard. 380mm ground clearance maximum. Off-road capability excellent. 1m water fording. Gear Tunnel maintained. Adventure SUV positioning. Family capability. Normal Illinois manufacturing. Electric SUV adventure focus.

Dual motor standard expected. AWD all-wheel drive. Battery size smaller versus R1. Range 480km+ targeted. More affordable pricing $45000 starting. Compact SUV dimensions. R1 design language maintained. Adventure capability preserved. Off-road focus continued. Normal Illinois manufacturing initial. Georgia factory planned additional. Volume production model. Market expansion strategy. Accessible electric adventure. Rivian growth vehicle. Technology trickle-down. Mass market positioning. Electric SUV segment. Family adventure vehicle. Lower entry price point. Rivian brand expansion.

Single electric motor. 201hp output. RWD rear-wheel drive. 180kWh battery pack available. 320km range typical usage. 240km range loaded. Commercial duty cycle optimized. 4470mm cargo length EDV700. 2590mm cargo height. 11.5 cubic meters cargo volume. Single rear wheel configuration. Low floor height loading. Amazon exclusive initially. 100000 vehicle order committed. Zero emissions delivery. Last-mile logistics. Climate pledge fulfillment. Normal Illinois manufacturing. Commercial vehicle market. Fleet electrification. Delivery vehicle purpose-built. Sustainability focus. Urban delivery optimized.

The high-torque, efficiency-optimized motor designed in-house by Rivian for maximum range and durability. This liquid-cooled permanent magnet synchronous motor features a hairpin-wound stator with 96 slots and a proprietary magnet arrangement that minimizes rare-earth usage while maintaining peak performance. The rotor employs a spoke-type design with ferrite-assisted synchronous reluctance technology, achieving 95% peak efficiency across a broad operating range. The motor produces 480 Nm (354 lb-ft) of continuous torque and 210 kW (282 hp) peak power, with a maximum speed of 13,500 RPM. The cooling system uses direct oil cooling through the stator windings and rotor shaft, capable of dissipating 8 kW of thermal loss during sustained hill climbs. The integrated gear reduction uses a two-stage planetary design with a 10.5:1 ratio, while the complete unit weighs 68 kg and achieves a power density of 3.1 kW/kg. Designed for 1,000 mm water fording capability, the motor features IP6K9K dust and water protection with pressure-equalized housings.

The revolutionary wheel-end motor that enables Rivian's tank-turn capability and precise torque vectoring. This ultra-compact permanent magnet synchronous motor features an axial flux design with dual rotors and a central stator, achieving unprecedented packaging efficiency for direct wheel mounting. The stator uses pressed-in copper hairpins with 98% slot fill factor and ceramic insulation rated for 220°C operation. The rotors employ high-grade neodymium magnets in a Halbach array configuration that self-shields magnetic fields, reducing eddy current losses by 40%. Each motor produces 526 Nm (388 lb-ft) of torque from zero RPM and 215 kW (288 hp) peak power, with a maximum speed of 14,200 RPM. The cooling system uses three-phase evaporative cooling that can extract 12 kW of heat during repeated maximum acceleration events. The integrated silicon carbide inverter operates at 800V architecture with switching frequencies up to 50 kHz, achieving system efficiency of 98.2%. Each complete motor-inverter unit weighs just 54 kg, enabling individual wheel control with 1,000 Hz update rate for real-time terrain response.

The high-performance evolution of Rivian's in-house motor technology with enhanced power density and thermal capacity. This liquid-cooled permanent magnet synchronous motor features a V-shaped magnet arrangement with flux concentration poles that increase torque density by 25% over previous designs. The stator uses square-section copper hairpins with integrated cooling channels in each conductor, allowing direct oil flow through the windings. The rotor features a carbon fiber retention sleeve for operation up to 15,000 RPM, with samarium-cobalt magnets for superior thermal stability at high loads. The motor produces 560 Nm (413 lb-ft) of continuous torque and 235 kW (315 hp) peak power, with 92% continuous power capability for sustained towing. The cooling system employs a dual-circuit design with separate cooling for stator and power electronics, capable of dissipating 15 kW of thermal loss during maximum grade climbing with full payload. The complete unit weighs 71 kg and achieves a power density of 3.3 kW/kg while maintaining IP69K protection for extreme off-road use.

The next-generation motor designed for Rivian's mass-market R2 platform with optimized cost-efficiency and manufacturing scalability. This permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor reduces rare-earth content by 75% while maintaining 94% peak efficiency. The stator uses aluminum windings with proprietary plating technology that achieves 85% of copper's conductivity at 40% of the cost and weight. The rotor employs a multi-layer flux barrier design with strategically placed ferrite magnets, achieving torque density of 35 Nm/kg. The motor produces 440 Nm (325 lb-ft) of continuous torque and 250 kW (335 hp) peak power, with a maximum speed of 16,000 RPM. The cooling system uses a simplified single-pass oil jacket design that reduces complexity while maintaining adequate thermal performance for typical use cases. The integrated gear reduction uses a single-stage planetary design with helical gears for NVH optimization, while the complete unit weighs 58 kg and targets a production cost 40% lower than previous generations while maintaining Rivian's off-road durability standards.

The cutting-edge axial flux motor developed for future high-performance applications with extreme torque vectoring requirements. This yokeless axial flux permanent magnet motor features a dual-stator single-rotor configuration that achieves unprecedented torque density and control bandwidth. Each stator uses pressed-in copper hairpins with liquid cooling channels integrated directly into the copper conductors. The central rotor employs high-remanence neodymium magnets in a spoke-type arrangement with active magnetic bearing control for vibration-free operation. The motor produces 700 Nm (516 lb-ft) of peak torque and 200 kW (268 hp) continuous power, with torque bandwidth of 2,000 Hz for instantaneous wheel control. The cooling system uses dielectric fluid immersion with micro-channel heat exchangers that can dissipate 20 kW of thermal loss. The complete unit measures just 220mm in diameter and 120mm in width, weighing 45 kg while achieving a power density of 4.4 kW/kg—the highest ever achieved in a production automotive traction motor with full off-road environmental protection.

The extreme-performance motor developed for Rivian's high-output applications with integrated two-speed gearbox for maximum off-road capability. This permanent magnet synchronous motor features a concentrated winding design with 12 poles and 18 slots optimized for low-speed torque production. The rotor uses bonded neodymium magnets with titanium retention bands for operation up to 18,000 RPM. The integrated gearbox provides two ratios: 12.8:1 for rock crawling and technical terrain, and 8.2:1 for high-speed operation. The motor produces 620 Nm (457 lb-ft) of continuous torque and 220 kW (295 hp) peak power, with a maximum combined system output of 880 kW when paired with three additional motors. The cooling system uses a triple-circuit design with separate cooling for stator, rotor, and gearbox oil, capable of maintaining performance in ambient temperatures up to 50°C. The complete unit weighs 85 kg and features a magnesium housing for weight reduction while maintaining the strength required for severe off-road impacts and vibration.

The revolutionary individual drive unit that provides each wheel with its own dedicated motor and single-speed reduction gearbox. Each unit contains a liquid-cooled permanent magnet synchronous motor producing 415 hp (309 kW) coupled to a planetary gearset with a precisely calculated 10.48:1 reduction ratio. The gearset uses helical-cut planetary gears manufactured from case-hardened 8620 steel with REM super-finished surfaces achieving 0.08 micron roughness. The aluminum housing is pressure-cast with integrated cooling channels that circulate oil at 15 liters per minute, while the differential function is handled entirely electronically through individual motor control. Each drive unit weighs 78 kg and can deliver up to 908 Nm (670 lb-ft) of instantaneous torque to its respective wheel. The complete quad-motor system provides 1,659 hp and 2,472 lb-ft of torque system-wide, enabling 0-60 mph times of 3.0 seconds while maintaining the precise control needed for rock crawling and high-speed off-road running. The gearbox oil is a specialized synthetic formulation with service intervals of 160,000 km under normal use.

The cost-optimized yet highly capable dual-motor system developed entirely in-house by Rivian. Each drive unit contains two motors sharing a common planetary gearset with a 9.73:1 reduction ratio, providing 533 hp (397 kW) per unit. The gearset uses a compound planetary arrangement that allows both motors to contribute torque through a single output, with torque vectoring achieved by varying the speed difference between the two motors. The gears are manufactured from vacuum-degassed steel with a proprietary 'Enduro-Coat' surface treatment that reduces friction by 17% while increasing pitting resistance. The aluminum housing is sand-cast with reinforced mounting points for the substantial torque reaction, and the complete unit weighs 94 kg. Each drive unit can deliver 1,198 Nm (884 lb-ft) of torque, with the system providing 665 hp and 1,198 lb-ft total in standard form or 700 hp and 1,198 lb-ft in Performance trim. The drive units feature an electronic disconnect system that can completely decouple the front motors during highway cruising, improving efficiency by reducing rotating mass and drag losses.

The extreme torque vectoring system that enables the R1T to rotate in place by driving opposite wheels in reverse directions. This capability leverages the quad-motor system's independent control of each wheel, with the front and rear wheels on each side rotating in opposite directions simultaneously. The reduction gearboxes are specially reinforced to handle the extreme lateral forces generated during tank turns, with the planetary carrier manufactured from 4340 steel and the output shafts using 300M aircraft-grade steel. The system uses precisely controlled slip in the wheel speed differential to initiate rotation while maintaining traction, with the vehicle's stability control system monitoring body roll and adjusting torque distribution 100 times per second. The gearbox cooling system is upgraded with additional capacity to handle the sustained high torque during low-speed maneuvers, while the lubrication system ensures proper oil flow to all bearings despite the vehicle's rotation. Although not yet available in production vehicles, this system demonstrates the ultimate capability of Rivian's individual wheel control technology.

The software-defined crawl ratio that provides off-road capability exceeding conventional mechanical 4x4 systems. By leveraging the electric motors' maximum torque at zero RPM and precise individual wheel control, the system creates an effective crawl ratio of approximately 100:1—far lower than any production mechanical 4x4 system. Each motor's output is precisely controlled to provide smooth, controllable power at speeds as low as 1 mph, with the gear reduction multiplying the motors' inherent low-speed torque characteristics. The system includes multiple off-road modes: 'Rock Crawl' provides maximum low-speed resolution, 'Rally' allows controlled slides and power-oversteer, and 'Drift' mode deliberately creates oversteer situations. The gearboxes use specially formulated synthetic oil that maintains proper viscosity across the extreme temperature range encountered during slow-speed rock crawling (-40°C to 160°C). The cooling system includes a 'Low-Speed Override' mode that increases pump speed during extended low-speed operation to prevent localized overheating in the gear mesh points.

The sophisticated regenerative braking system that provides up to 0.3g deceleration force while recharging the battery. During regeneration, the drive units operate in reverse as generators, with the planetary gearset handling reversed torque loads up to 1,200 Nm. The gear teeth are designed with asymmetric profiles that optimize both power transmission and regeneration efficiency, while the bearings are specially selected to handle bidirectional loading. The system provides four regen levels: 'Standard' offers smooth deceleration for daily driving, 'High' provides strong one-pedal driving capability, 'Low' mimics conventional coasting, and 'Auto' adapts regeneration based on navigation data and traffic patterns. During aggressive regeneration, the thermal management system activates additional cooling to the drive units to handle the heat generated by the motors operating as generators. The gearbox oil formulation includes additional anti-foaming agents to handle the aeration that can occur during frequent regeneration cycles in stop-and-go traffic.

The comprehensive thermal management system that maintains optimal operating temperatures across all driving conditions. Each drive unit is connected to the vehicle's primary cooling loop through a heat exchanger that maintains gearbox oil temperature between 70-90°C during normal operation. During high-performance driving or extreme off-road use, a secondary refrigerant loop can activate to provide additional cooling capacity, rejecting up to 25 kW of heat per drive unit. The system monitors temperature at six points within each drive unit: gear mesh points, bearing journals, motor interface, oil sump, and two points in the housing. During cold weather operation, the system can pre-warm the gearbox oil to 40°C using waste heat from the battery and cabin systems, ensuring optimal viscosity for efficiency and protection. The thermal management control algorithm uses predictive data from the navigation system to anticipate demanding sections of route and pre-emptively adjust cooling flow rates, ensuring consistent performance during both high-speed track use and low-speed rock crawling.

The sophisticated software system that coordinates all four drive units to deliver the appropriate character for each drive mode. The system processes data from 32 different sensors at 800 Hz, including individual wheel speeds, steering angle, throttle position, brake pressure, suspension height, longitudinal and lateral g-forces, and even individual wheel articulation. Using this data, the system calculates optimal torque distribution 50 times per second, with each motor controller receiving updated torque commands every 20 milliseconds. The software includes 8 different drive modes that fundamentally alter the transmission behavior: 'All-Purpose' provides balanced efficiency and performance, 'Sport' maximizes acceleration and handling, 'Off-Road' optimizes for low-speed control, 'Conserve' maximizes range by favoring the front motors, 'Towing' provides stable torque delivery for heavy loads, 'Snow' ensures maximum traction on low-grip surfaces, 'Rally' allows controlled slides, and 'Track' maximizes performance on paved circuits. Each mode changes the torque vectoring strategy, power distribution, regeneration level, and thermal management targets to optimize for the specific use case.

The sealed design that enables the R1T and R1S to ford water up to 3+ feet deep. Each drive unit is completely sealed with multiple labyrinth seals and pressurized vent systems that prevent water intrusion while allowing for thermal expansion. The breather tubes are routed to high points in the vehicle with moisture-trapping filters, while the electrical connectors use gold-plated contacts and silicone seals rated for extended submersion. The gearbox oil is formulated with additional corrosion inhibitors and emulsification resistance to handle any minor moisture intrusion. During water fording, the thermal management system can temporarily reduce power output to prevent thermal shock from cold water contacting hot components. The system includes moisture detection sensors that can alert the driver if any water intrusion is detected and can automatically initiate a 'Dry-Out' mode that circulates warm oil through the system to evaporate any residual moisture. This capability makes Rivian vehicles uniquely suited for serious off-road adventures involving water crossings that would stop most conventional 4x4 vehicles.

Founded in 2009 by RJ Scaringe—an MIT PhD in automotive engineering—as Mainstream Automotive before the 2011 Rivian rebrand established electric adventure vehicle focus that attracted Amazon's $700 million investment and Ford's $500 million stake in 2019. The massive November 2021 IPO raised $12 billion to fund the Normal, Illinois factory (a former Mitsubishi plant) that began R1T production in September 2021 as the first electric pickup in production, followed by R1S production in December 2022. The EDV commercial vehicle serves Amazon's delivery fleet while the announced Georgia factory supports production expansion plans built on technology development focus and innovative skateboard platform architecture. Adventure vehicle positioning creates an outdoor lifestyle brand with sustainability commitment, pioneering electric trucks through American manufacturing, direct sales model, and growing service network. Rivian demonstrates that electric propulsion enables new manufacturers to challenge established truck makers—the skateboard platform packages batteries beneath the floor to maintain truck capability while adding electric performance, proving that century-old pickup truck formula can be reimagined when freed from combustion engine packaging constraints. The company's success raising capital and securing Amazon partnership validates that authentic outdoor credibility and thoughtful engineering can resonate with adventure-focused buyers seeking sustainability without sacrificing capability.