Lucid

Three electric motors. 1234hp combined output. 1930Nm torque. AWD all-wheel drive. 118kWh battery pack. 687km range Dream Edition. 0-60 mph 1.89 seconds claimed. Quarter mile 8.95 seconds. 330km/h top speed. 900V electrical architecture. 300kW+ DC fast charging. 5050mm length. 2961mm wheelbase. 2360kg curb weight. Five-seat sedan. Glass canopy roof. 34-inch curved display. Micro Lens Array headlights. Lucid Space Concept interior. Arizona manufacturing. Casa Grande factory. American electric luxury. Technology leadership. Range efficiency excellent. Saudi Arabian investment PIF. Performance sedan benchmark.

Dual electric motors. 1111hp Dream Performance. 933hp Dream Range. AWD all-wheel drive. 118kWh battery pack. 837km EPA range Range variant. World's longest range EV. 900V architecture industry-leading. 0-60 mph 2.5 seconds Performance. 270km/h top speed. 300kW DC fast charging. 480km range 20 minutes. 5050mm length. 2961mm wheelbase. 2270kg curb weight. Five-seat luxury sedan. Glass canopy roof panoramic. Lucid DreamDrive ADAS. 34-inch curved glass display. Luxury materials throughout. Nappa leather. Casa Grande Arizona manufacturing. American luxury EV. Premium positioning. Technology showcase. Efficiency leadership.

Dual motor or single motor options. 620hp to 819hp range. AWD or RWD configurations. 88kWh to 118kWh battery options. 653km to 708km range depending specification. 900V electrical architecture maintained. Fast charging capability. 5050mm length. 2961mm wheelbase. 2100kg to 2270kg curb weight. Five-seat sedan. Lucid Space Concept interior. Advanced driver assistance. 34-inch curved display. Glass canopy roof. Arizona manufacturing. Accessible pricing relative. Electric luxury entry points. Technology democratization. Range leadership maintained. American manufacturing jobs.

Dual electric motors standard. Triple motor option available. 800hp+ estimated output. AWD all-wheel drive. 113kWh battery pack. 692km range targeted impressive. 900V architecture. 0-60 mph 3.5 seconds estimated. 7-seat configuration standard. 6-seat executive option. Third row adult-sized. Glass canopy roof maintained. Air sedan technology derived. SUV body style. Frunk storage substantial. Lucid DreamDrive Pro. Advanced autonomy features. Arizona Casa Grande manufacturing. Electric luxury SUV. Family vehicle capability. Technology leadership continued. Saudi investment support. American electric SUV premium.

The revolutionary compact electric motor that powers all Lucid vehicles and set new benchmarks for power density. This motor features a permanent magnet synchronous design with an exceptionally low rotor inertia of just 0.003 kg·m², enabling instantaneous torque response and 92% peak efficiency. The stator uses hairpin winding technology with continuous wave winding pattern that achieves 95% slot fill factor—significantly higher than conventional random windings. The rotor employs segmented magnets arranged in a V-shape with flux barriers that reduce eddy current losses by 40%. The cooling system uses direct oil cooling through hollow conductors in the stator, allowing continuous power output of 250 kW without thermal derating. The motor operates at up to 19,000 RPM and produces 500 hp (370 kW) from a package weighing just 74 kg, achieving unprecedented power density of 6.7 kW/kg. The integrated reduction gear uses a planetary gearset with 7.8:1 ratio and helical gears for quiet operation, while the differential is an electronic torque-vectoring unit capable of bi-directional torque distribution. This motor's compact dimensions—just 16.5 inches in diameter and 6.5 inches in length—enabled Lucid's revolutionary 'space concept' architecture with unprecedented interior space utilization.

The advanced power electronics that enable Lucid's exceptional motor performance and efficiency. This inverter uses silicon carbide MOSFETs rather than conventional silicon IGBTs, operating at switching frequencies up to 40 kHz with efficiency exceeding 99%. The power modules employ direct-bonded copper substrates with silicon nitride ceramic insulation, achieving thermal resistance of just 0.12 K/W. The gate drive circuitry incorporates active short-circuit protection and desaturation detection with response time under 1 microsecond. The DC-link capacitors use film capacitor technology with low ESR and ESL, while the current sensors employ closed-loop Hall effect technology with 0.5% accuracy. The cooling system uses direct liquid cooling of the power modules with dielectric fluid, maintaining junction temperatures below 125°C even at peak power. The inverter operates at 900 volts nominal with capability to handle up to 1,200 volts, enabling the 924-volt system architecture that gives Lucid its charging advantage. With power density of 42 kW/L and specific power of 28 kW/kg, this inverter represents the state-of-the-art in automotive power electronics.

The revolutionary battery system that delivers Lucid's industry-leading 520-mile EPA range. This 112 kWh pack uses 2170-format lithium-ion cells in a 6,600-cell array arranged in 22 modules of 300 cells each. The pack architecture operates at 924 volts nominal—the highest of any production EV—reducing current for given power and enabling faster charging. The battery management system features cell-level monitoring with passive balancing and can detect internal short circuits up to 60 minutes before thermal runaway. The thermal management system uses a dual-sided cold plate design with serpentine cooling channels that maintain cell temperature within ±2°C of optimal. The structural enclosure is aluminum with composite shear panels, providing both lightweight construction and exceptional rigidity. With energy density of 235 Wh/kg and volumetric density of 720 Wh/L, the system enables peak discharge power of 620 kW while maintaining cycle life of 2,000 cycles to 80% capacity. The DC fast charging capability allows 300 miles of range in 20 minutes, while the sophisticated thermal management enables consistent performance in both extreme heat and cold.

The sophisticated dual-motor system that powers Lucid's highest-performance models. This system features one motor per axle producing combined 1,111 hp, with the front motor delivering 450 kW and the rear motor 600 kW in peak performance mode. The motors are identical in design but differently calibrated, with the rear motor optimized for maximum power and the front motor tuned for efficiency and torque vectoring. The power distribution system uses Lucid's proprietary Wunderbox that combines the DC-DC converter, onboard charger, and voltage conversion in a single unit. The torque vectoring system operates at 10,000 Nm per wheel with response time under 10 milliseconds, enabling unprecedented vehicle dynamics control. The complete drive unit including motor, gear reduction, and differential weighs just 163 kg total, while enabling 0-60 mph acceleration in 2.5 seconds. The thermal management system coordinates between motor cooling, power electronics temperature, and battery thermal management, using a heat pump system that can redirect thermal energy where most needed.

The groundbreaking tri-motor system that creates the world's most powerful electric sedan. This system features one front and two rear motors producing combined 1,234 hp, with the front motor delivering 300 kW and each rear motor producing 450 kW. The rear motors are mounted in a unique 'e-diff' configuration with torque vectoring between the rear wheels. The motors use enhanced cooling with dual-circuit oil cooling that increases continuous power capability by 25%. The power electronics employ next-generation silicon carbide MOSFETs with reduced switching losses and higher temperature capability. The battery system is upgraded with higher-power cells and enhanced cooling, enabling peak discharge of 900 kW for brief periods. The torque vectoring system can over-drive the outside rear wheel by up to 400 Nm during cornering, effectively steering the vehicle with torque distribution. With system-level optimization including carbon ceramic brakes and track-focused cooling, this powertrain enables 0-60 mph acceleration in 1.89 seconds while maintaining Lucid's signature range and refinement.

The revolutionary power electronics unit that combines multiple functions into a single compact module. This system integrates a 19.2 kW bidirectional onboard charger, a 3.5 kW DC-DC converter, and voltage conversion capability from 400V to 900V. The charger uses silicon carbide technology with power factor correction exceeding 0.99, while the DC-DC converter employs gallium nitride transistors for 98.5% efficiency. The voltage conversion system allows Lucid vehicles to charge at both 400V and 800V charging stations without the need for external adapters. The bidirectional capability enables vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-load (V2L) functionality up to 19.2 kW. The thermal management uses direct liquid cooling with dielectric fluid, while the electromagnetic interference suppression meets CISPR 25 Class 5 requirements. With power density of 4.2 kW/L and specific power of 3.1 kW/kg, this unit enables Lucid's charging flexibility and efficiency advantages.

The high-efficiency powertrain system developed for Lucid's Gravity SUV. This system features front and rear motors producing combined 800 hp, optimized for the different efficiency requirements of an SUV. The motors use the same basic architecture as the Air sedan but with modified gear ratios (6.5:1 vs 7.8:1) for better low-speed torque characteristics. The power electronics employ the latest generation of silicon carbide MOSFETs with reduced switching losses, while the battery system uses a 120 kWh pack with improved energy density of 250 Wh/kg. The thermal management system is enhanced with additional cooling capacity for sustained performance during towing and high-load operation. The torque vectoring system is specifically calibrated for SUV dynamics, with emphasis on stability control and off-road capability. Despite the increased vehicle weight and aerodynamic drag, this powertrain maintains Lucid's signature efficiency with targeted range exceeding 440 miles EPA.

The single-motor rear-drive system developed for maximum range and efficiency. This system uses a single rear motor producing 480 hp, optimized specifically for efficiency rather than peak performance. The motor employs lower-loss magnets and optimized winding patterns that reduce copper losses by 15%. The inverter uses enhanced gate drive circuitry that minimizes switching losses at partial load, while the gear reduction uses a higher ratio (8.2:1) for better highway efficiency. The battery system is a 113 kWh pack with cells specifically selected for energy density rather than power density. The thermal management system is simplified with single-circuit cooling focused on maintaining optimal battery temperature. This powertrain achieves Lucid's highest efficiency rating of 4.7 miles per kWh (AC energy) and enables the Air Pure to achieve 410 miles of EPA range despite using a single motor configuration.

The sophisticated thermal management architecture that enables Lucid's performance and efficiency. This system uses four independent coolant circuits with intelligent flow control valves that can dynamically route coolant between the battery pack, front motor, rear motor, power electronics, cabin HVAC, and charging system. The heart of the system is a heat pump that can operate in 12 different modes, including waste heat recovery from the powertrain, battery preconditioning using grid power, and simultaneous cooling of multiple components. The system employs phase-change materials in the battery pack for thermal buffering, while the control algorithm uses predictive navigation data and weather forecasts to optimize thermal preparation. During winter operation, the system can capture up to 6 kW of waste heat from the powertrain, reducing the range penalty of cabin heating by up to 50% compared to conventional PTC heaters. This comprehensive approach to thermal management is a key enabler of Lucid's consistent real-world range performance across diverse climate conditions.

The high-voltage charging system that enables Lucid's industry-leading charging speeds. This system operates at 924 volts nominal—the highest of any production EV—reducing current for given power and enabling faster charging. The charging architecture can accept up to 300 kW at 400V stations and 350 kW at 800V stations, with the Wunderbox handling voltage conversion seamlessly. The battery management system employs sophisticated algorithms that optimize charging speed based on cell temperature, state of charge, and cell balancing requirements. The thermal management system can pre-condition the battery to exactly 35°C—the optimal temperature for fast charging—using either grid power or the vehicle's own systems. During DC fast charging, the system can maintain peak charging power up to 50% state of charge, adding 300 miles of range in just 20 minutes. This charging performance, combined with Lucid's exceptional efficiency, means that the Air adds more miles per minute of charging than any other production EV.

The Formula E racing technology that informed Lucid's production powertrains. Lucid's electric motor technology was originally developed for the Formula E racing series, where it set records for power density and efficiency. The production motors share the same fundamental electromagnetic design as the racing units, including the wave-wound stator configuration and V-shaped magnet arrangement. The power electronics employ the same silicon carbide technology used in Formula E, though derated for production vehicle reliability requirements. The thermal management system uses lessons learned from managing battery temperatures during intense racing conditions. The torque vectoring algorithms were developed from vehicle dynamics simulations originally created for racing applications. This racing heritage is evident in the production powertrain's exceptional power density, instantaneous response, and thermal management capabilities—all characteristics that were honed in the demanding environment of electric motorsports.

The future battery technology under development at Lucid that promises even greater performance. This solid-state battery system uses a sulfide-based solid electrolyte with lithium metal anode, potentially doubling energy density to 500 Wh/kg. The cell architecture employs bipolar stacking that reduces inactive material by 30%, while the thermal management uses direct cooling of each cell through the solid electrolyte. The battery management system can monitor internal pressure and impedance at the cell level, providing early warning of degradation. With theoretical charging capability of 0-80% in under 10 minutes and cycle life exceeding 2,000 cycles, this technology could enable 600+ mile range in the same package size as current Lucid batteries. Though still in development, this represents the next frontier in Lucid's quest to push the boundaries of electric vehicle performance and efficiency.

The revolutionary manufacturing approach that enables Lucid's powertrain advantages. Lucid's Arizona factory uses vertical integration for key powertrain components, including motor stator winding, rotor assembly, and power electronics manufacturing. The stator winding process uses custom machinery that achieves 95% slot fill factor with the continuous wave winding pattern. The rotor assembly employs laser welding for the magnet segments and dynamic balancing to 0.1 g·mm/kg. The power electronics assembly uses automated die attach and wire bonding with 100% automated optical inspection. The battery module assembly achieves positional accuracy of 50 microns for cell placement, while the module welding uses laser welding with real-time monitoring. This level of manufacturing control and vertical integration is unprecedented in the EV industry and is a key enabler of Lucid's powertrain performance, quality, and cost advantages.

The heart of every Lucid vehicle is its compact, high-revving, and immensely powerful drive unit. Each LDU is a fully integrated system containing a permanent magnet synchronous motor, a silicon-carbide MOSFET inverter, and a single-speed helical gear reduction set, all contained in a housing small enough to fit in a standard airline carry-on bag. The single-speed transmission is a fixed-ratio gearset that efficiently transfers the motor's power to the wheels. This setup provides seamless, uninterrupted acceleration from 0 to top speed with no gear shifts. Lucid's motors are capable of spinning at up to 19,500 RPM, and the reduction gearbox is engineered to handle this extreme rotational speed while remaining quiet and reliable. The compact size and power density of these units are what enable Lucid's class-leading interior space and performance.

Lucid's sophisticated all-wheel-drive system, which utilizes multiple LDUs. In the Air Dream Edition and Sapphire, the system employs one drive unit on the front axle and two on the rear axle (a total of three motors). In the Grand Touring and other trims, it uses a dual-motor setup (one per axle). The powertrain control unit acts as the 'brain,' coordinating power delivery from each motor with millisecond precision. This system replaces the need for complex mechanical transfer cases and center differentials. It allows for instantaneous and infinitely variable torque distribution between the front and rear axles, and in the tri-motor Sapphire, between the left and right rear wheels. This enables advanced torque vectoring for improved handling, stability, and traction, all managed seamlessly without any physical gears or clutches engaging or disengaging.

The ultimate evolution of Lucid's drive unit technology, featured in the high-performance Sapphire model. This system uses a single motor on the front axle and two specially developed, higher-output motors on the rear axle. The two rear motors are independently controlled, allowing for true torque vectoring across the rear axle. This means power can be instantaneously applied or reduced to each individual rear wheel during cornering, actively rotating the car into a turn and maximizing traction on exit. This electronic system replaces the function of a traditional limited-slip differential and provides a level of agility and control that is impossible with mechanical systems. The coordination between the three motors, all with their own single-speed gearboxes, is what enables the Sapphire's hypercar-level performance and track capability.

The integrated differential and gear carrier assembly within each drive unit. This compact module houses the helical-cut reduction gears and an open differential (or in some performance applications, an electronically controlled limited-slip differential). The entire assembly is designed for minimal power loss and exceptional durability, capable of handling the immense and instantaneous torque of the electric motors. The use of helical gears reduces noise compared to straight-cut gears, contributing to the vehicle's refined cabin experience. The integration of the differential into the drive unit saves space, reduces weight, and simplifies the driveline, contributing to the overall efficiency and packaging advantages of the Lucid Air and Gravity.

Founded in 2007 as Atieva by Bernard Tse and Sam Weng with focus on battery technology and Formula E technology supply, the company transformed when Peter Rawlinson—former Tesla VP of Engineering and Model S lead engineer—joined as CEO in 2013, bringing complete vehicle ambition that led to the 2016 Lucid Motors rebrand. Air sedan development accelerated with Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund providing $1 billion in 2018, enabling Arizona factory construction in Casa Grande where manufacturing began in 2021. Following a SPAC merger with Churchill Capital for public company listing, Air production commenced in 2021 and immediately set EPA range records by achieving 520 miles—establishing efficiency leadership through technology innovation focus. Lucid positions as an American luxury EV manufacturer maintaining premium credentials while eliminating range anxiety, with Gravity SUV expansion broadening the lineup. The company represents what happens when Tesla's lead engineer gets a second chance with unlimited Saudi funding: a relentless pursuit of technical excellence in efficiency, range, and luxury refinement—proving that electric vehicle technology still has enormous headroom for improvement and that range limitations are engineering challenges rather than fundamental physics constraints, validating the premise that EVs can match or exceed combustion cars in every meaningful metric.